fession of faith represents what all the Western Church believed before the Reformation. 1 It was this creed which Pope Pius IX. and the fathers of the Vatican Council recited in the second session of the Council, January 6, 1870. The same creed, slightly changed since the Vatican Council, is in use to-day. This creed may, then, be taken as a fairly full and adequate definition of the chief heads of the Catholic faith. The explanations which I have here added to the different articles are drawn from the Acts of the Council of Trent and the Vatican Council. It may appear strange that many of the articles of the creed which might reasonably seem to call for explanation are here left without any comment. This is due to a 1 The Council of Trent held its first session just two month* before Luther died. EXPLANATIONS OF THE CREEDS 19 variety of reasons. Firstly, I have not been able to find official explanations of every article and every term in an article ; secondly, the articles which are left without explanation are those which may be con- sidered common to believers, and the position of un- believers has been approached from the fundamental ground of the reasonableness of faith ; and, thirdly, if I had collected every word of a General Council which bore upon the articles and their terms this little book would not have contained them. For the explanation