"During the term just closing questions of deep import to political parties and to the country have here found earnest and at times passionate discussion. The chamber has indeed been the arena of great debate. The record of four years of parlia- mentary struggles, of masterful debates, of important legisla- tion, is closed and passes now to the domain of history. "I think I can truly say, in the words of a distinguished predecessor, ' In the discharge of my official duties I have known no cause, no party, no friend. ' It has been my endeavor justly to interpret and faithfully to execute the rules of the senate. At times the temptation may be strong to compass partisan ends by a disregard or a perversion of the rules. Yet I think it safe to say the result, however salutary, will be dearly purchased by a departure from the method prescribed by the senate for its own guidance. A single instance as indicated might prove the forerunner of untold evils. "It must not be forgotten that the rules governing this body are founded deep in human experience ; that they are the result of centuries of tireless effort in legislative hall, to con- serve, to render stable and secure the rights and liberties which have been achieved by conflict. By its rules the senate wisely fixes the limits to its own power. Of those who clamor against the senate and its mode of procedure it may be truly said, ' They know not what they do. ' In this chamber alone are pre- served, without restraint, two essentials of wise legislation and of good government the right of amendment and of debate. Great evils often result from hasty legislation, rarely from the